bestmediainfo13d ago
New Delhi: The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India's consultation on Application-based Linear Television Distribution (ALTD) and Free Ad-Supported Streaming Television (FAST) services exposed a widening divide within the television industry over how internet-delivered television should be regulated. At an Open House Discussion organised by TRAI on Wednesday, broadcasters, DTH operators, cable companies, telecom firms, FAST platform operators and internet industry bodies presented sharply different views on the future of television distribution. The crux of the debate aligns with connected television adoption accelerating and broadcasters increasingly making channels available through apps, FAST services and streaming platforms. The discussion focused on whether internet-delivered linear television channels should be regulated in the same manner as cable and DTH services, or they should continue to be treated as part of the wider internet ecosystem. The disagreement cut across almost every issue before the regulator, from licensing and pricing to content regulation, ownership norms and platform obligations. While traditional television stakeholders pushed for parity with existing distribution platforms, digital-first players argued that FAST services operate on a completely different technological and economic model and should not be governed by rules designed for cable and satellite television. Licensing emerges as the biggest fault line The sharpest divide surfaced around whether channels distributed through ALTD platforms should require authorisation from the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Traditional television stakeholders argued that any entity distributing linear channels should operate under a similar accountability framework irrespective of the technology used for delivery. Mahima Rathi of the All India Digital Cable Federation argued that only licensed channels should be permitted on ALTD platforms. "Only licensed channels should be allowed to be transmitted or streamed within the territory of India through ALTD platforms," Rathi said. She further suggested that channels should be mandated to provide copies of their licences to ALTD platforms and that platforms should publicly display the list of channels authorised for streaming. Aayushi Dhawan, DGM, Strategy and Public Policy, Bharti Telemedia, argued that broadcasters and content owners should obtain MIB authorisation before supplying channels to ALTD platforms. According to Dhawan, the content viewed by consumers remains the same regardless of the mode of delivery and therefore should be subject to similar accountability requirements. Some stakeholders proposed a middle path. Telecom and media veteran Rajiv Khattar argued that broadcasters already approved by the MIB should not be subjected to a fresh regulatory process when distributing channels through ALTD platforms. "There can be categories of channels. First, MIB-permitted broadcasters streaming their existing channels through ALTD and FAST platforms. Second, permitted broadcasters seeking to launch new digital-only streams," Khattar said. He suggested that existing broadcasters launching digital-only channels should be able to register them through a simplified process rather than undergo a fresh approval cycle. Digital-first FAST operators strongly opposed licensing requirements. Manish Sinha, Founder and CEO of RunnTV, argued that mandatory licensing would sharply reduce the number of FAST channels available to consumers. "If MIB licensing is made mandatory for FAST channels or content owners, the number of FAST channels available in the market will decline significantly," Sinha said. "The moment licensing requirements come in, a lot of channels will get dropped down." Sinha maintained that most FAST channels are not traditional television channels but digital-only services built using content already available on streaming platforms. "Merely presenting content in a linear format does not make it a television channel," he said. He did, however, suggest that news and current affairs channels could be treated differently. "We recommend that news and opinion channels be treated differently. Given their wider impact, such channels should require MIB approval or a downlinking licence," Sinha said. Pricing parity becomes a new battleground Another major fault line emerged around pricing. DTH and cable operators argued that broadcasters should not be allowed to offer channels through digital platforms at significantly lower prices than those charged through traditional television platforms. Yatin Gupta, Senior Vice President at GTPL Hathway, pointed to instances where broadcaster-owned digital platforms were offering channels at a fraction of television subscription prices. "A bouquet that costs around Rs 60 per month plus taxes on television is being offered through digital platforms in high definition for as little as Rs 14 per device per month," Gupta said. Bharti Telemedia also argued for uniform pricing standards across platforms. According to Dhawan, strict uniform MRP should apply across all modes of distribution and channels declared as pay channels should not be made available free or below their declared prices on ALTD platforms. Ranjit Singh, Chief Content, Legal and Regulatory Officer at Dish TV India, echoed the need for parity. “When the same linear channel is available on both traditional television platforms and digital platforms, there must be parity," Singh said. Digital-first players pushed back. Sinha argued that television distribution and internet streaming operate on entirely different cost structures. "The cost structures and distribution models of television and streaming are fundamentally different. In such a scenario, price parity is difficult to justify," he said. He also pointed to the evolution of internet services as an example of how technology creates new economic models. "A similar debate emerged when internet-based communication platforms such as WhatsApp began competing with traditional telecom services and SMS ," Sinha said. "Ultimately, because of WhatsApp, the whole ecosystem has grown, it has matured a lot and the consumer has more power now." Consumer representatives also cautioned against price controls. Jio questions comparison between FAST and DTH Beyond licensing and pricing, stakeholders also differed on whether ALTD platforms should even be compared with traditional television distributors. Ravi Gandhi, President, Jio Infocomm, argued that internet content aggregators do not perform the same function as cable and DTH operators. "The internet content aggregator is not responsible for carriage," Gandhi said. "Carriage is arranged by the consumer, who purchases internet access from a service provider and then accesses the website, platform or application of the content aggregator." According to Gandhi, traditional television operators reserve bandwidth for channels all the way to a consumer's home, whereas internet delivery works fundamentally differently. "The similarity is not between a content provider or content aggregator on internet and a DTH platform," he said. Gandhi also cautioned against regulating only one category of internet-delivered content. “This remains internet content. The fact that it may appear similar on a screen does not change its underlying character," he said. He suggested that if policymakers wished to debate licensing of internet content, such discussions should encompass the broader internet ecosystem rather than focus solely on ALTD services. The consultation also saw disagreement over the role of smart television manufacturers, operating system providers and app stores. Traditional television stakeholders argued that connected television ecosystems should not become a route for unauthorised channels to reach Indian audiences. AIDCF proposed that only authorised ALTD applications should be available through app stores and connected television ecosystems. Startups seek lighter rules while DPOs seek parity The consultation also revealed contrasting views on the future shape of the ALTD market. FAST platform operators argued that excessive regulation could stifle innovation and make it harder for Indian startups to compete. Sinha opposed requirements such as minimum net worth criteria, bank guarantees and security deposits. "Such requirements would be easier for large and established players to absorb than for emerging companies," he said. He also warned that stricter rules could ultimately benefit larger global technology companies. "If we impose these kind of requirements, what will happen eventually is that the bigger players, the entrenched players, will be able to get through all those kind of requirements very, very easily," Sinha said. Traditional distribution operators argued that the issue was not innovation but fairness. Rahul Vatts, CRO, Bharti Airtel, said the principle should be simple. "We will prefer forbearance or reduce burdens for all DPOs. But there should be no regulatory arbitrage available to anybody," Vatts said. He argued that if ALTD platforms are permitted to operate under lighter obligations, similar relief should also be extended to existing television distribution platforms. Ranjit Singh of Dish TV also called for a common framework while arguing that long-standing DPOs should not face additional hurdles if they choose to offer ALTD services. "There should be a common framework for all stakeholders, while recognising those DPOs that have long operated under existing guidelines and served the industry for many years," Singh said. Two competing visions for television's future The discussion ultimately highlighted two competing visions for the future of television distribution in India. One side views FAST and ALTD services as the next stage of television distribution and argues that channels delivered online should be subject to many of the same rules that apply to cable and DTH operators. The other sees FAST as part of the broader internet economy and argues that applying legacy television regulations could limit innovation, consumer choice and the growth of new digital businesses. As TRAI reviews stakeholder submissions and prepares its recommendations, the regulator will have to decide whether internet-delivered linear television should be brought closer to traditional broadcasting rules or continue evolving under a lighter-touch framework designed for the internet age.